TCAA sasa kuboresha maslahi ya wafanyakazi.

MAMLAKA ya Usafiri wa Anga Tanzania (TCAA), inakusudia kuboresha maslahi ya wafanyakazi kutokana na mamlaka hiyo kufanya vizuri kwa miaka miwili mfululizo. Akizungumza kwenye hafla ya kupongeza wafanyakazi bora wa mamlaka hiyo juzi, Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa TCAA, Fadhil Manongi, alisema kwa miaka miwili mfululizo wamefanya vizuri na kuna maendeleo ya utendaji, hivyo siyo busara maslahi ya wafanyakazi kuendelea kuwa duni. “Mara kwa mara tumekuwa tukizungumzia kuboresha maslahi yenu na kwa miaka miwili mfululizo tumeonekana tuna maendeleo, hivyo tutaboresha maslahi,” alisema Manongi. Naye Mwenyekiti wa Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Afya na Serikali Kuu (Tughe) tawi la TCAA, Eugene Lwalwa, alisema kwa miaka saba mfululizo mamlaka hiyo imeongoza kwa kutoa wafanyakazi bora kitaifa. Lwalwa aliwataka waajiri nchini kuboresha maslahi ya wafanyakazi wao hasa pale wanapotoa huduma bora zaidi.  Katika sherehe hizo wafanyakazi 23 walitunukiwa vyeti na Sh400,000 kila mmoja,  kati yao 11 wanatoka Dar es Salaam na wengine mikoani.

how to b slim like miriam Odemba: full diet

http://imagazine-sporahshow.blogspot.com/2011/06/i-am-addicted-to-facebook-and-sporah.html

Too busy to eat? Read repercussions

The first 20 years of a woman's life are the most crucial for her health. It is during this time that one learns about food and adopts eating patterns that dictate the way one eats through one's life.

The first two decades also encompass the crucial stages of growth during which one develops organs, skeletons, muscles and the foundation of one's health. Adolescence brings about the first awareness of one's body. Girls typically develop body images dictated by the "size zero" heroines, models and their peers. The gym becomes the "in" place to be seen at while fad diets do hectic rounds.

Adolescence is a time when the main growth spurt occurs, usually between ages 11 and 16. Girls grow up to 10 cm (4 inches) in a year and put on up to 8 kg (18 lb). When menstruation begins, girls need more iron as well as calcium and zinc. Irregular and painful periods can be caused by nutritional deficiencies brought on with regular, home-cooked meals being replaced by daily doses of sweets, packaged snacks and fizzy drinks. Meals at fast food outlets typically contain too much salt, fat, chemical additives, preservatives and sugar. They are also low on fibre.

As women grow older, start their careers and become wives and mothers, they are pressured to excel in every sphere. Health often comes last on their list of priorities. Unfortunately, an unhealthy mother not just produces weak children but also affects the functioning of the entire household. At menopause, women's health sins tend to catch up with them. The hormonal "suraksha kavach" that protects women during the reproductive age melts away. For every known risk factor, women become twice as vulnerable as men: be it osteoporosis, heart disease, diabetes or hypertension.

At some level, most women know that being healthy comes down to taking care of oneself: from what they eat, when and how much, to the quantum of physical activity that they get. Hardly rocket science. All one needs is the will to take those crucial small steps in the right direction.

WHO says cell phone use can cause brain cancer

LONDON (Reuters) - Using a mobile phone may increase the risk of certain types of brain cancer in humans and consumers should consider ways of reducing their exposure, World Health Organisation (WHO) cancer experts said on Tuesday.

A working group of 31 scientists from 14 countries meeting at the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) said a review of all the available scientific evidence suggested cell phone use should be classified as "possibly carcinogenic".

The classification could prompt the U.N. health body to look again at its guidelines on mobile phones, the IARC scientists said, but more research is needed before a more definitive answer on any link can be given.

The WHO had previously said there was no established evidence for a link between cell phone use and cancer.

"After reviewing essentially all the evidence that is relevant ... the working group classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans," Jonathan Samet, chair of the IARC group, said in a telebriefing.

He said some evidence suggested a link between an increased risk for glioma, a type of brain cancer, and mobile phone use.

The decision comes after a study published last year which looked at almost 13,000 cell phone users over 10 years found no clear answer on whether the mobile devices cause brain tumours.

The decision has been keenly awaited by mobile phone companies and by campaign groups who have raised concerns about whether cell phones might be harmful to health.

Use of cell phones use has increased dramatically since their introduction in the early-to-mid 1980s. About 5 billion mobile phones are currently in use worldwide.

(Reporting by Kate Kelland, editing by Alison Williams)

Source: Yahoo-India News

Things not to do in an interview

You know to turn off your ringer and dress to impress, but the following surprising slips may not be on your radar.

Don't be cocky

Confidence-i.e., appearing composed and sure of yourself as opposed to like a nervous wreck-is always an appealing quality. Arrogance, on the other hand, made 51 percent of employers want to kick an applicant out of their office on the spot. No matter how much of a superstar you were at your last job, don't make it sound as if you single-handedly pulled off every amazing accomplishment.

Little things like bringing a latte with you, pushing aside a pile of papers on an interviewer's desk so you can plunk down your portfolio, or sneaking a glance at the clock can also make you seem self-important-as if your time and stuff are more valuable than theirs are. Another minor goof they see as arrogant: leaving your sunglasses on top of your head.

Say the magic words

Of course you don't want a potential boss to think you're gunning for the role of office kiss-ass, but playing it too cool can wreck your chances. 55 percent of bosses surveyed said a lack of enthusiasm is one of the biggest mistakes that a candidate make. Seriously.

Get the right message across by using words like 'exciting' and 'interesting'. To show you mean it, read up on the company's history and the industry in general before the interview, and slip some of the things you learned into the conversation.

Don't sound rehearsed

Most of us have gotten this well-meaning advice from a career counsellor: when you're asked "What's your biggest weakness? throw out something that's actually good, like "I'm a workaholic or "I am a perfectionist and won't stop until something's done right . Yeah...whatever! 34 percent of interviewers said they definitely notice when you respond to their questions with tired cliches. Granted, you don't want to confess anything truly incriminating, but it's okay to reveal a real weakness, provided you follow it up with how you're working to correct it.

Don't fail the question test

There are only a few minutes left in the interview, and you get what seems like a throw-away: "Do you have any questions for me? Answering "I don't think so can mess up the awesome impression you just made, since 34 percent of bosses said they're turned off when candidates don't ask smart questions. Why? Doing so shows that you've been paying attention and indicates that you're evaluating them too-not just jumping at the first job opening you hear about.

Prove you're a good listener by requesting that the interviewer elaborate on something she said earlier. And use this all-time great inquiry: "What type of people excel here? It never fails to impress!

                                     Source: Yahoo-Specials

Aliuza tiketi ATC sasa anamiliki hoteli 5 za kitalii

                                           

WANAWAKE kwa muda mrefu wamekuwa wakiaswa kujituma na kujiamini ili waweze kufanikiwa katika kutimiza ndoto zao.

Kujiamini huko kunaweza kuwa na manufaa mengi katika kuinua maisha ya wanajamii hasa kama mhusika atakuwa akijiamini na kuanzisha mradi wake wa kujiajiri na kujikuta akiajiri watu wengine wengi. Zainab Ansell, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Kampuni ya Utalii ya Zara ni miongoni mwa wanawake waliojitoa mhanga, kwa kuacha ajira na kuamua kujiajiri.

Kwa kuwa alikuwa na malengo, Zainab amefanikiwa si kujiajiri kwa mafanikio tu, bali pia ameweza kutoa ajira kwa maelfu ya Watanzania, hususan vijana.

Kwa Zainab, mzaliwa wa Hedaru, Same mkoani Kilimanjaro awali alikuwa ameajiriwa na Shirika la Ndege la Tanzania (ATC), mnamo mwaka 1984 akiwa kitengo cha kukata tiketi za ndege za shirika hilo ambalo kwa sasa liko taabani kiuchumi.

Miaka miwili baada ya kuajiriwa, mama huyo aliyezaliwa mwaka 1959 aliamua kuingia rasmi katika ujasiriamali.

Lakini leo hii, ikiwa ni miaka 25 tangu achukue uamuzi wa kujiajiri, Zainab hana cha kujutia, zaidi ya kujipongeza kwa mafanikio yaliyovuka milima na mabonde, kiasi cha kuwa mwanamke wa kupigiwa mfano.

Na haikushangaza kuona mwaka huu akitangazwa kuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Mwanamke Bora Mjasiriamali katika tuzo za Mwanamke Bora zilizoandaliwa na Kampuni ya Frontline ya jijini Dar es Salaam.

Mafanikio yake yametokana na kupanuka kwa biashara zake kwa kiasi kikubwa, sasa akiwa anamiliki kampuni kubwa ya utalii, ikiwa na hoteli tano za kitalii, kwa ujumla akiwa na zaidi ya wafanyakazi 9,000!

Katika mazungumzo na HABARILEO Jumapili, Zainab anasema kuwa tangu alipoamua kujiajiri, alilenga kujituma ili aweze kutimiza ndoto ya kuwa mwajiri na mmiliki wa vivutio vya utalii nchini.

Akizungumzia alivyoanza biashara, anasema kuwa mwaka 1986 akiwa katika ofisi za Air Tanzania aliingiwa na shauku ya kuwa anasimamia safari za watalii wake mwenyewe huku akiwakatia tiketi na kuwapeleka Mlima Kilimanjaro na kwingineko kwa shughuli za kitalii.

Anakumbuka wakati huo alikuwa na umri wa miaka 27 tu (sasa ana umri wa miaka 52), alifunguka macho na kuamua kufungua ofisi yake katika eneo la Hoteli ya Moshi ambapo alikuwa na wafanyakazi watatu mwaka huo.

Anasema kwamba, alianza katika mazingira magumu, akivizia watalii katika kituo cha mabasi na kuwashawishi kwenda kupanda Mlima Kilimanjaro chini ya kampuni yake, huku akisisitiza kuwa, siri kubwa ya kuwamudu wateja hao ilikuwa ni kauli nzuri na kuwa mchangamfu.

“Ni kwamba kila kukicha nilikuwa najipangia mikakati mipya juu ya nini nifanye ili niweze kuinuka na kusaidia jamii inayonizunguka na ndipo nikajikuta naona umuhimu wa kuwa na hata hoteli za kuwasaidia watalii wanaotumia huduma za kampuni yangu,” anasema Zainab. Ndoto yake ya kuanzisha hoteli ilitimia mwaka 1996, yaani miaka kumi tangu alipoanzisha kampuni.

“Kwa muda mrefu nilikuwa nikiwapeleka watalii wa kampuni yangu katika hoteli mbalimbali kwa ajili ya malazi, kufikia mwaka 1996 nilianzisha hoteli yangu,” anakumbuka mama huyo anayefichua kwamba, hoteli yake ilianza ikiwa na chumba kimoja tu, ingawa kwa sasa ni moja ya hoteli kubwa mjini Moshi.

Inaitwa Spring Land Hotel, sasa ikiwa na zaidi ya vyumba 100 vya kulala, sehemu za kulia chakula, baa moja, bwawa la kuogelea, sehemu ya kuangalia runinga. Pia hoteli hiyo kwa sasa ina bustani zaidi ya nne za kupumzikia, sehemu ya kuchua mwili (massage), sehemu ya mazoezi na sehemu ya kupata joto hasa wakati wa baridi (sauna).

Anasema baada ya kuanzisha hoteli hiyo, ilimwezesha kutoa huduma za kiutalii vyema zaidi kama vile utalii wa kwenda msituni kutembea, utalii wa Moshi mjini kwa baiskeli, kwenda Masai Boma, Marangu na shughuli nyingine muhimu.

Katika kufanikisha ndoto hiyo ya kuwahudumia watalii ameweza kufungua huduma za hoteli zake sehemu nyingine nyingi kama vile Serengeti Wild Camp iliyopo ndani Mbuga ya Serengeti, Ngorongoro Wild Camp iliyopo ndani ya Mbuga ya Ngorongoro na High View Hotel iliyopo katika eneo la Karatu.

Akizungumzia wito wake kwa Serikali kuhusu kuwasaidia wanawake katika kuendeleza utalii anasema kuwa inatakiwa Serikali kuwapa kipaumbele wanawake waliowekeza katika sekta ya utalii kwa kuwapatia maeneo ya kujenga hoteli.

Anasema kuwa kwa kumwezesha mwanamke kuwekeza katika sekta ya hoteli kutasaidia kuendeleza jamii inayozunguka katika maeneo ya hoteli ambapo anatolea mfano wa kampuni yake ilivyoanzisha Taasisi ya kusaidia jamiii iitwayo Zara. Anasema kuwa kupitia taasisi hiyo ameweza kuwasaidia watoto wengi kwa kuwapatia elimu, na huduma nyingine muhimu za afya na za kiroho.

Pia ni mwanzilishi wa Chama cha Wabeba Mizigo wa Wapanda Mlima Kilimanjaro ambapo kupitia chama hicho vijana zaidi ya 3,000 wanapata elimu, mikopo pamoja na misaada mbalimbali ya kijamii. Chama hicho alichokianzisha kwa sasa kinatambulika kimataifa kwa kuwa kupitia wabeba mizigo hao, watalii wengi wameweza kupitishia michango yao na kuifikia jamii.

Anasema kuwa asilimia moja ya fedha anazolipwa mbeba mizigo ya watalii inawekwa katika chama hicho na mwisho wa siku hutumika kuwasaidia wanajamii pamoja na wao wabeba mizigo wenyewe.

“Huruma tuliyonayo wanawake inatufanya kuwa na hali ya huruma ya kutaka kuona jamii ituzungukayo ikiendelea zaidi hivyo tukiwezeshwa kumiliki rasilimali kutatufanya kuisaidia jamii yetu kwa hali na mali hasa kwa kuwapatia mahitaji muhimu” anasema Zara.

Anasema kuwa licha ya kupatiwa tuzo ya kuwa mwanamke mjasiriamali bora wa mwaka, lakini pia ameweza kupatiwa tuzo ya kutambuliwa mchango wake katika sekta ya utalii iliyotolewa nchini Hispania na taasisi ya Bonestor iliyowahusisha akinamama wengine wawili mmoja akitokea nchini Senegal na mwingine Msumbiji.

Pia amewahi kupata tuzo kutoka Bodi ya Utalii Tanzania (TTB) yenye kutambua mchango wake katika masuala ya kijamii. Zainab, mama wa watoto wawili, mmoja akiwa ni meneja wa hoteli yake iliyopo Karatu nje kidogo ya Mbuga ya Ngorongoro anaitwa Leyla na mwingine Anna yuko masomoni Sweden. Anapendelea kuangalia vipindi vya utalii na mazingira katika runinga, huku akiwa anapendelea zaidi kula vyakula vya asili anapenda michezo hasa riadha.

Akizungumzia tuzo ya Zainab ambaye kampuni yake ina mtandao mkubwa wa ofisi ndani na nje ya Afrika, Mkurugenzi wa Kampuni ya Frontline iliyomzawadia mama huyo, Irene Kiwia anasema Zara ni mfano wa kuigwa na kuwa Mkurugenzi wake, Zainab amewafumbua macho akinamama wengi katika kuthubutu. Anasema kuwa, Zainab anaweza kutumiwa kama mfano katika kuwapatia moyo wasichana wadogo hasa wa sekondari na vyuo kwa kuwaonesha ni kwa jinsi gani wanaweza kufanikiwa hasa wakijiamini na kuwa na malengo. “Binafsi naona kuwa huyu mama ni mfano na ndio maana ameweza kutunukiwa tuzo hii kwa kuwa ameweza kutoka chini kabisa hadi kufika juu kiasi cha hata kuajiri wafanyakazi wengi, karibu 10,000! Jiulize, mtu alikuwa ameajiriwa, leo hii anafanya mambo makubwa hivi, kwanini umuhimu wake usitambuliwe? Kwetu sisi, huyu ni mfano mzuri na wa kuigwa,” anasema Kiwia. Huyu ndiye Zainab Ansell, mama mcheshi na mchapakazi ambaye alithubutu kuanzisha kitu chake, akakisimamia, na leo hii anawaacha wengi midomo wazi kutokana na hatua kubwa aliyofikia kimaisha, kibiashara na pia katika kuisaidia jamii na Serikali katika kupunguza tatizo la ajira kwa vijana. Ama kweli, Zainab ni mfano wa kuigwa na miongoni mwa nyota wa kweli katika Tanzania ya leo.

                                        Source : HabariLeo

Selecting the right course and college is the Most Difficult task to Students.

Selecting a course and college is always the most difficult exercise for any student.

“I spent one year doing engineering and ped out, because my interest was Physics,” says Senior Advocate and leading public interest lawyer Prashant Bhushan, who finally settled for law. But very few students have the luxury of time to change course mid way. So it is imperative that one identifies the right course the first time. Here are some pointers on how to go about.
Course Vs College: A college education is not only about studies, but also about the opportunities one gets, the peer group one interacts with and life long friendships one can form. “Old boy network is alive and kicking,” says S.Rajaram, a media professional and former student of Maharaja’s college, Ernakulum. So irrespective of the place one studies, studying in a reputed college always helps.
Between a college and a course, especially in non-professional programmes the college wins hands down. But do not get into any course, just for the sake of entering a college. For some one who hates numbers, doing Mathematics even from Delhi’s hallowed St. Stephens would not help, because he or she will not enjoy the course. So as far as possible study what you like and what your capabilities allow you. Says Prof. Sanjay Srivastava, a PhD in Psychology and Dy. Director General of Amity Business school, “When it comes to selection of a course, it is important to understand what one dislikes and not to do that.”. Rest would, of course, fall in line, since interest and passions change over time.
Passion is an abused word: Narayana Murthy was a passionate Marxist and wanted to be a politician. But passion is a transient phenomenon according to Murthy, who eventually went on to become the father figure of Indian software industry. So unless one is absolutely sure, or one has the natural flair or talent for sports or music, pay more attention to opportunities that are opening up and choose a course that would help you realise them. For example, communication-related options are plenty now. So, according to Career Counsellor Arun Sarma, courses like English Literature, Journalism and Mass Media are gaining currency. But Dr. Dheeraj Sanghi, an architect, warns that interest matters when it comes to professional courses. One who is not good at tinkering with materials shouldn’t opt for mechanical engineering.
Sciences are not superior: Prof. Deepak Kumar, a professor of education at JNU, says, “What is important is to aspire for excellence in any domain you choose to study. No subject is implicitly better than the other.” Data on the other hand is in favour of sciences. A recent study published in the magazine US News says that science graduates out-earn humanities by a factor of two. But Humanities too offer a lot of options, especially in fields like communications, management and administration.
Interest does matter: Shirali Tyabji, who recently graduated from Shristi School of Design, on the other hand, says interests do play a role and must not be ignored. This is true about courses which demand a modicum of talent, like design, arts, music, film making etc. Unless one has a flair for these domains do not venture into these fields.
But when it comes to Sociology and Economics or English Literature and journalism, one need not be too narrow and a selection based on a combination of potential opportunities and interests must do the trick.

                                                   Source : Yahoo-India

Job interviews: Answer 10 tricky questions

THE formula for success in job interviews is not written in stone, especially when it comes to tricky questions. For instance if you are being interviewed for a sales position, a potential employer may ask you, “What would you do if a clients hinted at kickbacks?”
How would you respond? Will you appear shocked or deliver your answer with poise? Here are some suggestions on how to answer 10 such questions. Being prepared will give an edge, and not to mention, boost your confidence.
1. Tell us about a difficult relationship in your personal life you have had to cope with?
Don’t go into too many details about what happened, when and where. Don’t condemn the other person or defend yourself. Talk about what you had learnt from the experience.
2. Your boss-to-be is short-tempered, impatient and abrasive. Can you work with someone, of such a temperament?
Working with a short-tempered and very abrasive boss is not easy. Stating that you can effectively work under each and every person, in any and every situation will make you seem over-confident, and unrealistic. Do you get upset if you’re shouted or screamed at? Does it leave you de-motivated or disillusioned for long? If your answer to the latter question is in the negative, let the panel know that unpleasant experiences don’t weigh you down for too long.
3. Since you are in sales, some clients may hint at getting kick-backs. How will you handle such situations, since as a policy we don’t offer bribes?
When asked awkward questions like this, it helps if you plead ignorance. It may be also a test to check your views on bribes. They may ask if you have bribed anyone or what you would do, if you witnessed a government employee accepting a bribe. Tell them your personal experiences or views. Companies always respect individuals who are truthful and who possess a clear (not rigid) opinion on most matters.
4. Why have you fared averagely in Academics?
Many interviewers pay importance to what you have scored in your board examinations. If you had fared averagely and are asked to explain the reason, there’s not much you can do. It would help if you honestly admit that you have only yourself to blame (if that is really the case) and in future you will be clear about your priorities and work hard to achieve your goals.
5. Our industry requires a lot of social interaction with clients - over drinks and at parties. Are you comfortable with smoking and drinking?
Smoking isn’t cool. And many corporate head-honchos are teetotallers. It may be okay to say that you are uncomfortable around smokers and don’t enjoy social drinking. And do you really need to explain why you would not like to smoke or drink? No, it’s a personal choice.
If you’re applying for a job in an advertising or marketing consulting firm you may be asked if you’re okay with working on a tobacco or liquor account. If you feel you can never perform your job well, if the job involves promoting these products, then mention that you want to work on brands, which you are passionate about, and since you are convinced that tobacco or alcohol is injurious to health you may not be the best person to work on an account that involves actively promoting related brands.
6. Since you are a lady, and most of our clients are males, it is highly likely that some clients will try to be over-friendly. How will you handle such situations?
Will you be upset by such behaviour? If you’re confident that you can deal with such clients, only then tell the interviewers how you think you can be professional, yet not interact with clients who you’re uncomfortable with. Honesty is the best policy.
7. Tell us about your weaknesses?
What do you say besides the stereotyed ‘good’ weaknesses – impatience, over-enthusiasm? All of us have weaknesses, but do we need to mention all? And do you weaknesses surface all the time, or on occasions? For instance, while talking about your own traits such as a short temper or abrasiveness you can indicate that you display such traits or behaviour at some times only.
If your weakness is lack of time management, you could say that you are working on it and hope to overcome it over a period of time. Think about this and answer accordingly.
8. You will be replacing a person who we are letting go of. In the few weeks that you spend with him, you have to learn as much about his job so that you can continue doing his work effectively. Do you feel you are okay with this arrangement?
Not an easy situation to be in. While you can try your best to learn as much as you can, what will you do in case your predecessor does not cooperate and tell you all that you need to know? You could point out that you may need your organisation’s support, cooperation and intervention, if need be, in such a circumstance.
9. What if we hired you for one job profile and then change it within weeks?
Your response will depend on your future plans. If you’re interested in a sales job, because you want to pursue a career in marketing, then you’d obviously not want to work in finance or accounts. However, if you’re unsure which area interests you, and would like to learn about the different functions in an organisation, this might be a good opportunity to explore. You should preferably talk about why you prefer some roles or jobs. At the same time try to avoid talking about why you don’t like particular roles.
10. What salary do you expect? What if we told you we cannot pay you for the first three months?
State that since it is the start of your career, learning and experience are more important than salary. If you’re still asked to quote a specific amount give them a general indication on what you would like to earn. Don’t over-quote. If a company states that for whatever reason they won’t pay a salary for the first few months, make sure they are not one of those outfits, which exploit those who need work experience. If the organisation offers a good learning environment, tell them you’re joining the organisation for the valuable experience and you’re confident you’ll soon receive a salary commensurate with your performance.
Cardinal rules
1. Arrive preferably 15 minutes early, so you can relax, freshen up
2. Gauge the company dress code, dress appropriately
3. No unclean hair, sweaty visage or dirty hands with pen marks
4. Keep two copies of your rèsumè, handy
5. Carry a notepad and pen
6. Be poised, confident, but not too relaxed or over-confident.
7. If you’re unsure about an answer and need time to think, request the interviewer if you can take a minute to think and respond
8. Be patient, be courteous
9. Never interrupt even if the interviewer is stating a wrong fact. Let him complete the sentence and then respond. Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ also go a long way
10. If there are two or more interviewers, make eye contact with all


   Source:  YahooNews

Historia ya Gaddafi

 

Kanali Muammar Gaddafi ni kiongozi aliyekaa madarakani kwa muda mrefu zaidi barani Afrika na katika nchi za Kiarabu.

Gaddafi

Ameongoza Libya tangu alipompindua Mfalme Idris I, katika mapinduzi yasiyo ya kumwaga damu, wakati huo akiwa na umri wa miaka 27.
Maarufu kwa nguo anazopenda kuvaa, na walinzi wa kike wenye kubeba silaha, kiongozi huyo wa Libya pia anadhaniwa kuwa na mbinu nzuri za kisiasa, kwa kuweza kuirejesha Libya kutokana na kutengwa kidiplomasia duniani.
Baada ya miongo miwili ya kutengwa katika jamii ya kimataifa, mwaka 2003, Tripoli ilikiri kuwa walifanya shambulio la Lockerbie kwa kuiangamiza kwa mabomu ndege ya Pam Am na hapo Umoja wa Mataifa ukaondoa vikwazo dhidi ya Libya.

Gaddafi mwaka 1969

Baada ya miezi kadhaa, serikali ya Kanali Gaddafi ilisitisha mipango yake ya kuunda silaha za maangamizi na hii ikarejesha ushirikiano na nchi za magharibi.
Hapo ndipo mabadiliko halisi yalionekana kwa kuwa nchi hizo za magharibi zilibadili mtazamo wao na kuacha kumtenga Gaddafi na kushirikiana naye hata kama alikuwa hatabiriki.
Ni mtu wa kipekee katika kauli zake, mienendo yake, tabia zake na mikakati yake, kwa mujibu wa Saas Djebbar mtaalam wa siasa za Libya.
'Lakini ni mwanasiasa mashuhuri; hakuna shaka lolote kuhusu hilo. Ni mwanasiasa anayeweza kuhimili misukosuko ya kisiasa kwa hali ya juu sana.'

Asili ya Mabedui

Muammar Gaddafi alizaliwa jangwani karibu na Sirte mwaka 1942.

Gaddafi katika mkutano Sirte

Alipokuwa kijana alivutiwa na kiongozi mzalendo wa Misri na, Gamal Abdel Nasser, alipokuwa akishiriki katika maandamano dhidi ya Israel wakati wa mtafaruku wa Suez mwaka 1956.
Gaddafi alipanga njama ya kupindua utawala wa kifalme alipokuwa mwanafunzi wa kijeshi na aliwahi kupata mafunzo zaidi akiwa Uingereza kabla ya kurejea nyumbani Libya, mji wa Benghazi, na kupanga mapinduzi ya tarehe 1 Septemba mwaka wa 1969.
Ghaddafi alianza kujenga itikadi zake za kisiasa mwaka 1970 na kuziandika katika kitabu chake cha kijani kibichi.

Gaddafi alipokuwa akizuru Senegal mwaka 1985

Alikitumia kitabu chake kuanzisha mfumo wa kisiasa iliyojumuisha kanuni za kiislamu na mfumo uliyo tofauti na siasa za ujamaa au ubepari.
Mwaka1977 aliasisi mfumo ujulikanao kama 'Jamahiriya' au 'Taifa la Umma' ambapo raia ndio wanaoendesha uongozi wa nchi yao kupitia 'kamati za umma'.

Hema ya Gaddafi

Mfumo huo wa Gaddafi umevuka mipaka na hauhusishi mambo ya siasa tu, bali pia mambo mengine.
Akiwa safarini ng'ambo, huwa anakaa kwenye kambi iliyojengwa na hema yake ya kifahari ya Kibeduwi akiwa amefuatana na walinzi wanawake ambao, inasemekana, huwa hawapotezi umakini kazini kama walinzi wanaume.
Hema hiyo pia hutumiwa kuwalaki wageni wa Libya na Kanali Gaddafi huendesha mikutano na mahojiano yake humo humo akipepea usinga au tawi la mitende.

Upekepeke

Benjamin Barber, mtaalam wa kisiasa wa kujitegemea, kutoka Marekani amewahi kukutana na Gaddafi mara kadhaa hivi karibuni na kuzungumza naye kuhusu mustakabali wa Libya.

Gaddafi akiwa na viongozi wengine wa nchi za Uarabuni

Bw Barber alisema kuwa Muammar Gaddafi anajihisi kuwa msomi aliyebobea.
Muammar Gaddafi na Tony Blair waliwahi kuandaa mkutano wa viongozi kutoka nchi mbalimbali tarehe 29 Mei 2007 kwenye hema hiyo ya Kibedui.
"Utashangazwa kuwa ingawaje ni dikteta, ni mwanafalasafa na mwenye kutafakari jambo kabla ya kuzungumza," aliiambia BBC.
"Namchukulia sana kama mtu kutoka kabila la Waberber na mtu ambaye aliibuka kutoka tamaduni za watu wa jangwani, kutoka kwenye mchanga na kwa namna fulani kuna tofauti kubwa na uongozi wa kisasa, na kwa namna fulani hilo limemfanay awe mstahamilivu na mwenye msimamo."
Kanali Gaddafi amejitahidi kwa muda mrefu kutoa ushawishi wake nyumbani na ng'ambo.
Awali alituma jeshi lake nchini Chad ambapo wanajeshi walidhibiti ukanda wa Aozou, kaskazini mwa nchi hiyo, mwaka 1973.
Katika miaka ya 80 aliandaa mafunzo kwa makundi ya waasi kutoka Afrika Magharibi yaliyojumuisha wale wa Tuareg ambao ni Waberber.
Hivi karibuni aliongoza jitihada za kuwapatanisha waasi wa Tuareg kutoka nchi za Niger na Mali.

'Mbwa kichaa'

Jumuiya ya wanadiplomasia kuitenga Libya kulitokana na Kanali Muammar Gaddafi kuunga mkono makundi yeneye silaha, ikiwemo Irish Republican Army na Palestine Liberation Organisation.

Gaddafi akiwa na mwandishi wa habari wa BBC

Rais wa zamani wa Marekani Ronald Reagan alimwita Gaddafi 'mad dog' yaani 'mbwa kichaa' na Marekani ililipiza kisasi dhidi ya Libya kwa madai ya kuhusika na mashambulio ya anga barani Ulaya kwa kuvamia miji ya Tripoli na Benghazi mwaka 1986.
Ilisemekana kuwa Kanali Gaddafi alitikiswa na mashambulio ya mabomu hayo ambapo mtoto wake wa kike wa kufikia aliuawa.
Aliposhindwa katika jitihada zake za kuzipatanisha nchi za Uarabuni katika miaka ya 90, Kanali Gaddafi alielekeza nguvu zake barani Afrika na kupendekeza 'Muungano wa Nchi' za bara la Afrika.

Muuguzi wa Gaddafi

Alianza kuvaa mavazi yake binafsi, sare za michezo zilizo na ngao za bara la Afrika au picha za viongozi kutoka bara hilo.
Wakati wa mabadiliko katika karne ya 20, huku Libya ikiwa inapata tabu kutokana na vikwazo dhidi ya nchi hiyo, alianza kurekebisha hali nchini mwake.
Mwaka wa 2003, mabadiliko yakaanza kuonekana na baada ya miaka mitano mkataba wa kulipa fidia kwa waathirika wa Lockerbire uliafikiwa na hii ikarejesha uhusiano kati ya Washington na Libya.
'Hakutakuwa na vita tena, mashambulio, na vitendo vya ugaidi' Kanali Gaddafi alisema alipokuwa akiiherehekea miaka 39 aliyokaa madarakani.

Changamoto za ndani

Kiongozi huyo wa Libya hujiona kama kiongozi wa kidini wa taifa hilo, akihakikisha kwa kile anachosema ni demokrasia.

Waandamanaji wa hivi karibuni Libya

Lakini katika hali halisi, wakosoaji wanasema Kanali Gaddafi amefanikiwa kudhibiti nchi hiyo.
Wanaompinga wamekandamizwa kikatili na vyombo vya habari vinabaki katika udhibiti mkubwa wa serikali.
Libya ina sheria ambazo haziwaruhusi watu kukusanyika katika misingi ya kisiasa zinazopinga mapinduzi ya Kanali Gaddafi.
Shirika la kutetea haki za binadamu la Human Rights Watch limesema serikali hiyo imewatia mbaroni mamia ya raia kwa kukiuka sheria hiyo na baadhi yao kuhukumiwa kifo.
Imeripotiwa kumekuwa na matukio ya utesaji na hata watu kupotea
Inadhaniwa kuwa Kanali Gaddafi anaandaa namna ya kukabidhi madaraka yake kwasababu ya umri aliyofikia sasa lakini haijulikani ni nani atakayerithi uongozi wa Libya kutoka kwa Gaddafi.

Sayf akiwa na ndugu yake Saad

Kuna hisia kuwa mwanawe Sayf Al-Islam Gaddafi ndiye atarithi uongozi kutoka kwa baba yake na anaongoza katika kuleta mabadiliko.
Ingawaje Sayf ametangaza kuwa anastaafu siasa lakini kuna wanaohisi kuwa hii ni mbinu ya kuongeza ushawishi wake kisiasa.
Wakati huo huo, Gaddafi ameahidi kuwa wizara za nchi hiyo zitafutwa pamoja na bajeti zao
Utajiri utakaopatikana kutokana na mafuta utakabidhiwa moja kwa moja kwa wananchi.
Licha ya uchumi wa Libya kutoa fursa kwa wawekezaji wa nje, mabadiliko bado yanakwenda taratibu.

Waandamanaji wakichana picha ya Gaddafi

Walibya wengi wana wasiwasi juu ya mabadiliko yanayotokea na kuhisi kuwa hawapati manufaa kutoka rasilmali ya Libya, waangalizi wanasema kwani huduma za serikali ni duni pamoja na ubadhirifu mkubwa wa mali.
' Wanajihadhari sana katika mapambano hayo kwa kuwa hawataki mabadiliko yatakayolegeza nguvu za umma,' alisema Saad Djebbar
'Lakini wakati huo huo, Walibya wanafahamu kuwa wanahitaji kufanya mabadilko. Na ndio maana wanaenda taratibu sana.

Mfuasi wa Gaddafi

                                                  Chanzo : www.bbc.co.uk/swahili

SUSAN MASHIBE; Rubani, Mhandisi wa Ndege gumzo Afrika Mashariki

Mashibe ni Rubani, Mhandisi wa masuala ya ndege na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Kampuni mbili zinazoshughulika na masuala ya anga, lakini unapokutana naye kwa mara ya kwanza huwezi kuamini kama mwanadada huyo ana sifa hizo ndio maana nikakumbuka ule usemi, ‘usitathmini kitabu kwa kuangalia jalada lake.’

Kuthibitisha uwezo wake mkubwa katika fani hiyo, hivi karibuni Mashibe alichaguliwa na Taasisi ya World Economic Forum (WEF) kuingia katika kundi dogo la heshima la vijana waliothibitisha vipaji vya uongozi la Viongozi Vijana Duniani (Young Global Leader- YGL)) kwa mwaka huu wa 2011.

Sambamba na Susan, Mtanzania mwingine Elsie Kanza, Mshauri wa Uchumi wa Rais Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete amechaguliwa na taasisi hiyo pia kuingia katika kundi hilo.

Mashibe na Kanza walichaguliwa kutoka miongoni mwa viongozi vijana 5,000 waliopendekezwa kutoka duniani pote na hatimaye kupitishwa katika mchujo na kuchaguliwa kwenye mchujo mkali na Kamati Maalumu chini ya uenyekiti wa Malkia Rania Al Abdullah wa Ufalme wa Hashemite wa Jordan.

Susan ndiye Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na Mwanzilishi wa Kampuni ya TanJet, kampuni ya ya kimataifa na ya kwanza ya aina yake nchini inayoshughulikia masuala ya kiufundi katika ndege binafsi, za biashara na hata za kidiplomasia.

TanJet imebadilisha namna biashara ya huduma ya anga inavyoweza kufanya kazi Afrika Mshariki na miongoni mwa wateja wake ni viongozi wa nchi mbalimbali, wafalme, watendaji, watu maarufu na ndege za kijeshi.

Mwanadada huyu pia anamiliki kampuni nyingine inayojulikana kama Kilimanjaro Aviation Logistic Center, ambayo inashughulikia taratibu za utuaji na urukaji wa ndege binafsi katika Bara la Afrika.

Aidha, ameanzisha Huduma ya Matengenezo na Ukarabati wa Ndege Kilimanjaro kwa lengo la kutoa huduma za kisasa, yenye kiwango na salama katika usafiri wa anga wa jumla na ushirika katika eneo la Afrika.

Lakini pia Susan ndiye mwanamke wa kwanza Afrika Mashariki mwenye Cheti cha Rubani cha FAA na Mhandisi Matengenezo wa Ndege. Tangu kuanzisha TanJet mwaka 2003, Mashibe ametunukiwa Tuzo mbalimbali ikiwemo ya Askofu Desmond Tutu ya mwaka 2009 na ile ya Mwanamke Mjasiriamali mwenye Mafanikio ya mwaka 2009.

Susan anajisikiaje kwa kuwa mtu pekee nchini ambaye ni Rubani na Mhandisi wa Ndege? Hasiti kutoa maoni yake kwani anasema “ najisikia kawaida tu. Sipendi sifa hizi zote…ninachotaka ni kuhamasisha vijana kupitia hadithi yangu ili nao watimize ndoto zao na wasikubali kitu chochote kiwakatishe tamaa.”

Ndoto ya Susan ya kutaka kurusha ndege haikuanza wakati akiwa chuoni la hasha! bali akiwa na umri wa miaka minne tu ndipo alipogundua sehemu inayomfaa ni kwenye `mawingu’. Anasema,“ nilizoea kuwaona wazazi wangu na ndugu zangu wakipanda ndege na kuondoka, wakiniacha.

Wakati huo tulikuwa tukikaa Kigoma na walikuwa wakirudi Dar es Salaam, na niliachwa na bibi. “Nilipokuwa nikiangalia ndege ikiondoka nikawa nafikiria kama ningekuwa najua kurusha ndege nisingeachwa tena,” anasema Susan ambaye ni mtoto wa tatu katika familia ya watoto sita.

Wakati huo wote, Susan alikuwa na shauku kufahamu ni kitu gani cha kufanya ili mtu awe rubani, na kufahamu namna ndege inavyofanya kazi. Anaendelea kusema kuwa, “bado nakumbuka hisia nilizopata nilipoona Ndege ya Shirika la Ndege ya Uingereza aina ya Boeing 737 kwa mara ya kwanza, nilikosa maneno ya kusema, nilikuwa sijaona kitu kizuri na kikubwa kama kile, lakini kilichonivutia zaidi ni namna ndege inavyoanza kuruka.”

Hisia alizopata Susan ziligeuka kuwa mapenzi na kitu cha kuvutia ambavyo vilimtawala binti huyo tangu akiwa mdogo. Mapenzi yake yalitimizwa zaidi pale mjomba wake alipompeleka kwenda kutembea uwanja wa ndege wakati alipokwenda Dar es Salaam kumtembelea akiwa na umri wa miaka 10.

Kila mtu katika familia yake alifahamu malengo ya binti huyo. Kwa hiyo haikuwa kazi ngumu kwa Susan kumshawishi baba kubariki kazi aliyoichagua baada ya kumaliza Kidato cha Nne. “Nilichaguliwa kujiunga na ualimu, lakini baba aliyekuwa mfanyakazi wa umma aliniuliza nataka kufanya nini. Nikamwambia nataka kuwa Rubani, kisha akaniambia timiza ndoto yako.”

Hivyo kweli Susan ametimiza ndoto yake. Mwaka 1993 alianza kozi ya Uhandisi wa Ndege katika Chuo cha South Western Michigan nchini Marekani ambapo dada yake alikuwa akiishi. Baba yake alimshauri kuchukua kozi hiyo nchini Marekani na alilazimika pia kujifunza lugha ya Kiingereza.

“Niliambiwa siwezi kuwa rubani kama sizungumzi Kiingereza kwa sababu nitatakiwa kuwasiliana na mnara wa kuongozea ndege,” anasema. Hata hivyo, mwaka 1995 mambo yalikuwa magumu baada ya familia yake nyumbani Tanzania kusema haiwezi kumsaidia kielimu kutokana na matatizo ya kifedha.

“Kwa muda nilifikiria ndoto yangu imekufa…nilipoteza matumaini, hamu ya kula na matokeo yake niliumwa.” “Nililazwa hospitalini na wakalazimika kunirudisha nyumbani ili nipate nguvu, jambo ambalo nilifanya. Lakini nikiwa nyumbani nilitafuta ufumbuzi wa muda mrefu kuwa kuanzia sasa sitamtegemea mtu ila mimi mwenyewe, niliamua nitarudi kumaliza shule na nitarusha ndege mwenyewe.”

Hicho ndicho alichofanya. Kwa namna fulani alirudia hatua zake na kurudi shule na alihitimu mwaka 1996. Mwajiri wake wa kwanza ilikuwa Kampuni ya Duncan Aviation, iliyokuwa mjini Michigan, Marekani. Susan alianza kazi ya ukaguzi mkubwa katika ndege kadhaa za kibiashara.

“Nilianza masomo ya kurusha ndege katika Chuo Kikuu cha Western Michigan, nikisimamia zaidi katika ndege. Ilikuwa gharama kubwa, na nililazimika kufanya kazi saa nyingi usiku ili niweze kuhudhuria darasa, “ anasema.

Lakini bahati nzuri alikuwa akichukua masomo katika kampuni yake kwa hiyo alilipa nusu ya ada, faida ambayo mwajiri alikuwa akitoa kwa wafanyakazi wake. Mwaka 2002, Susan alipata cheti cha kutambuliwa kufanya kazi katika ndege za biashara, baada ya kumaliza Shahada ya Kwanza ya Utawala wa Mambo ya Anga.

Hata hivyo, maisha yalianza kuwa magumu kwa yeyote aliyeko katika biashara ya ndege kwa sababu ya tukio la mashambulizi ya kigaidi Septemba 11, 2001 nchini Marekani. “Baada ya tukio la Septemba 11, mashirika ya ndege yalipata misukosuko, watu walikosa huduma.

Ilikuwa kazi ngumu, baadhi ya kampuni zilifungwa, kwa hiyo nikaamua nyumbani ndipo natakiwa kuwepo,” anasema. Susan alishajinyima sana na kuweka akiba ya kutosha kurudi nayo nyumbani kwa ajili ya kuanzisha biashara yake.

Kwanza alifikiria kutafuta ajira, lakini kampuni nyumbani Tanzania zilisema elimu yake iko juu sana. Hakuwa na chaguo lingine zaidi ya kutumia akiba yake na kukodi chumba chenye ukubwa wa mita za mraba 13 tu katika Uwanja wa Ndege ambapo alifungua kampuni yake Julai 1, 2007.

“Kila mtu alidharau uamuzi wangu, wakiniambia muda wa miezi mitatu tu nitakuwa nimefunga ofisi, lakini nipo mpaka leo,” anasema na kueleza namna biashara yake inavyolipa. Mteja wake wa kwanza alikuja siku 20 baada ya kufungua biashara yake na alikuwa Rais wa sasa wa Afrika Kusini, Jacob Zuma, ambaye alifika kutembelea Tanzania.

Washirika wake walioko Afrika Kusini walimuunganisha na kazi ya kuhudumia ndege ya Zuma. Ilikuwa ni hatua kubwa kwake kupata tenda hiyo ya kusimamia ndege zote zilizopo chini ya Ubalozi wa Marekani.

Wakati akifurahia mafanikio hayo makubwa, Susan anasema furaha yake ilikuwa alipoweza kulipa kodi inayofikia kiasi cha Sh milioni 500 kwa Mamlaka ya Mapato Tanzania (TRA). Ulikuwa mchango mkubwa uliowashtua wengi. Kama ilivyo kwa wanawake wengi wanapofanya kazi zilizotawaliwa na wanaume zaidi naye amekumbana na vikwazo.

Baadhi ya watu walidharau kwa kumuangalia tu. Anakumbuka aliwahi kuzuiwa kuingia katika ndege ya kidiplomasia kwa sababu walinzi walidhani hana shughuli ya kumuingiza humo. Lakini baadaye walishtuka walipobaini kuwa mwanadada huyo ndio alipewa jukumu la kusimamia ndege hiyo.

“Mimi ni mwanamke, navaa viatu virefu, napaka vipodozi na mambo mengine kama hayo, kwa hiyo rubani anapoangalia na kuona mimi ndiye ninafanya kazi ya kuhudumia ndege yao hushtuka na kudhani sina uwezo huo, wengine hunisimamia ninapofanya kazi, lakini sura zao hubadilika wanapobaini ninachoweza kufanya,” anasema.

Huyo ndiye Susan Mashibe, Rubani na Mhandisi wa Ndege mwenye umri wa miaka 37 ambaye baada ya kujichimbia Marekani akisoma na kupata ujuzi kuhusiana na urubani na uhandisi wa ndege, ameweza kutimiza ndoto yake ya utoto na kukataa kuruhusu vikwazo na kukatishwa tamaa.


                                      Source : HabariLeo